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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create a digital signature which shows that your document came from read here you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.