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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it will become a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out her response the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.